International business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 3

International business - Essay Example Partly, this may be because not all those who use the term distinguish it clearly enough from the popular notion of internationalization. Some writers, in fact, use the two terms interchangeably (Ibid.). Literature shows there is no single agreed definition of globalisation, but that it may be the concept of the 1990s. According to Sklair’s (1999) research, its importance is much exaggerated, but most books suggest it is an idea whose time has come. To sort out all these ideas, globalisation as a concept makes use of Sklair’s (1999) taxonomy of perceiving globalisation in this paper towards the end. Each model is briefly discussed and analyzed from the point of view of sociology. The discussion tapers with a summary of these models, and as presented by Sklair (1999) makes note that they are dominated by European European-North American literature devoid of views from Asia. However, these are only done after discussions in light of how globalisation as a phenomenon has prevailed in the new millennium. What follows are how globalisation has visited the new millennium politically, economically, socially or otherwise. Globalisation, interpreted as global economic integration, is argued, as not being recent since there have been periods of globalisation over many centuries. (IPS, n.d.) It is only that there is now the increasing speed of movement of goods and services, people, capital and technology being experienced around the world. Specifically globalisation in the new millennium is marked by accelerated reduction in transport and communication costs, greater international specialization because of liberalization of trade, increasing trade in services due to the digital revolution, and increasing integration of major emerging markets into the world economy. (IPS, n.d.) . Politically, Macedo (n.d.) would add, the increasing alignment of cultural standards and standards of consumption; the weakening of

Environmental Projects NYC Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Environmental Projects NYC - Term Paper Example The three sub basins identified cuts across in excess of 35countries. The environmental context of this basin is of great concern since its water quality has been comprised from time to time. Numerous geological surveys have been conducted all over New York to address environmental issues, and the water quality of this basin is one of the identified environmental issues in New York. This paper is meant to assess the problem of water quality in the basin basing its argument on the applicability of geosciences in understanding and addressing the problem. This problem is brought about by the environmental setting of the basin. The basin occurs in an environment setting that allows massive land use in all the areas that the basin lies on. Application of Geosciences in Understanding and Addressing the Water Quality Issue in the Hudson River Basin Sediments in the stream bottom Geological studies have been conducted in the basin for quite some time now. It has been established that the urb an streams of the basin as well as on other rivers of the basin have considerable levels of stream sediments. These sediments are mostly found on the bottom of the stream. The presence of these sediments has comprised the water quality in the basin due to the fact they raise metal concentration in the water. The metals have also led to the concentration of chemicals resulting from water-metal reactions, for example the polychlorinated biphenyls (Levinton & Waldman 39). The water quality in the basin has as a result deteriorated, evidenced by the fact that the above mentioned concentrations have exceeded the predetermined and set standards of water quality. In addressing this problem, the National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) has put measures in place that are aimed at reducing concentration levels in the basin. Part of the basin that lies within urban areas is said to carry large amounts of zinc, lead and mercury. In fact, these levels of concentration exceed those set by the Ne w York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC). In this regard, the two agencies have initiated programs that are designed to sensitize the locals about the need to reduce metal concentrations in the water. Although the drinking water quality is still observed, there are concerns that the basin could turn unsafe for human consumption if stern measures are not taken. On this note, de-concentration actions by environmental agencies have been established to deal with this issue. Geosciences experts and professionals have been engaged in the process in order to fully observe such progresses and correct mishaps that may be realized in the course. Stream ecology The Hudson River Basin is characterized by many social and economic activities. Some parts of the basin remains undisturbed but where encroachment has occurred, many activities are conducted. This due tot the fact that the basic’s hydrological potential; exceeds that many other basins in New York. On the sam e note, the basin is characteristic of numerous rivers and tributaries that make up its interconnectedness. This special feature of the basin has attracted many local into farming activities, alongside harboring many animal species like fish and invertebrates. Intolerant animal species have so far been absent in the river, denoting aspects of unfavorable environment. Human encroachment along the basin can be cited as a reason for this. Studies done on the water quality

Different types of wastewaters Essay Example for Free

Different types of wastewaters Essay Domestic wastewater Domestic effluents are generated from activities such as bathing, laundry, cleaning, cooking, washing, and other kitchen activities. This contains a large amount of organic waste with suspended solids and coliforms. Calculations made based on available data show that half the organic waste is from the domestic sector (PEM, 2003). As stated in the EMB report, domestic wastewater discharges contribute highest to the BOD load as the lack of sewage treatment system allows more than 90 percent of inadequately treated domestic sewage to be discharged into surface waters, which contain bacteria and viruses that threaten human life. Geographically, data show that one-third (30 percent) of BOD generation comes from Metro Manila and Region IV alone, at 18 and 15 percent, respectively (PEM, 2003). Industrial wastewater Reports show that the volume and characteristics of industrial effluents vary by type of industry and are influenced by different factors such as production processes and the scale of production used. Industries that are found to be water-intensive, i.e. food and dairy manufacturing, pulp, paper and paperboard products, and textile products, correspondingly discharge large amounts of wastewater (PEM, 2003). Most of the water pollution-intensive industries are in National Capital Region, Calabarzon, and Region III. Food manufacturing industries, piggeries, and slaughterhouses are the main sources of organic pollution (PEM, 2004). A report from a study conducted by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) in 1999 emphasizes that the situation is even more critical with regard to hazardous wastes. In the said report, approximately 2,000 cubic meters of solvent wastes, 22,000 tons of heavy metals, infectious wastes, biological sludge, lubricants, and intractable was tes, as well as 25 million cubic meters of acid/alkaline liquid wastes are improperly disposed of annually in the Metro Manila area alone. A study by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) conducted in 2001 (as cited in National Economic Development Authority’s document on the Medium Term Philippine Development Plan 2004-2010) states that around 700 industrial establishments in the  Philippines generate about 273,000 tons of hazardous wastes per annum. It was further estimated that with 5,000 potential hazardous waste generators, about 2.41 million tons of hazardous wastes will be generated. At present, the report added, there is no integrated treatment facility for hazardous wastes in the country although there are about 95 small to mediumscale treatment facilities that treat hazardous wastes (i.e., used oil, sludge). There is approximately 50,000 tons of hazardous wastes stored on or offsite due to lack of proper treatment, recovery and recycling facilities. Sometimes they end up being recycled in backyard operations further putting at risk workers and communities hosting these informal recycling facilities. Other hazardous wastes are exported to other countries for recovery and disposal (i.e. metal bearing sludge, used solvents and electronic wastes) and treatment (e.g. PCB). Health and environmental problems Much of the surface water in urban areas is a public health risk while rural surface waters are also sources of disease. The World Bank estimates that exposure to water pollution and poor sanitation account for one-sixth of reported disease cases, and nearly 6,000 premature deaths per year. The cost of treatment and lost income from illness and death due to water pollution is pegged at PHP6.7 billion (US$134 million) per year (PEM 2006). Pollution of our water resources such as untreated wastewater discharges affect human health through the spread of disease-causing bacteria and viruses. Some known examples of diseases that may be spread through wastewater discharge are gastro-enteritis, diarrhea, typhoid, cholera, dysentery, hepatitis, and, recently, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) (PEM 2003). The state of water in the Philippines (Bacongui, Beau, 2007, October). Retrieved January 9, 2013, from http://www.greenpeace.org/seasia/ph/Global/seasia/report/2007/10/the-state-of-wa ter-in-the-phil.pdf Hazardous and toxic waste management Republic Act 6969, implemented by DAO 29 series of 1992, regulates the range of activities associated with hazardous and toxic materials (use, transportation, storage, export, distribution, manufacture, and processing). Users or handlers of chemicals must first check with DENR whether the substances are included in the Philippine Inventory of Chemicals and Chemical Substances (PICCS). A Chemical Control Order (CCO) prohibiting, limiting, or subjecting use to certain controls or conditions may be issued for chemicals that pose an unreasonable risk to public health or the environment. Environmental Impact Management System An on-going innovation under the EIS system is the introduction of programmatic compliance. Under this program, industries sited in declared industrial development areas may be issued a single Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC). This approach has the advantage of reducing the cost of document preparation and review. Furthermore, it justifies the future application of carrying capacity assessments to determine the number and types of industries that should be allowed to locate in a given area. Philippines: Country Profile. In Green Productivity Practices: In Select Industry Sectors. (Abanto, Arnel. 2001) Retrieved January 9, 2013, from http://www.apo-tokyo.org/gp/e_publi/gpp/0302PHILIPPINESrev.pdf Water pollution creeping in – senator MANILA, Philippines – The Philippines faces a creeping water pollution problem because of rapid urbanization and industrialization, a senator warned over the weekend. Senator Pilar Juliana â€Å"Pia† S. Cayetano, chairperson of the Senate Health and Demography Committee, said she is worried that government has weakly-implemented programs to improve the quality of fresh water supply. Cayetano pointed out that inadequate resources, institutional fragmentation and poor statistics as the major stumbling blocks in achieving the goal of securing a sufficient future supply of clean fresh water. She said addressing this concern is in line with the Millennium Development Goal 7 for environment sustainability which is to reduce by one half, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation. Sen. Juan Miguel Zubiri, Senate Committee on Environment and Natural Resources chairman, said the issue emphasizes the importance of refo resting the country’s denuded mountains. Forests, Zubiri said, act as watersheds, storing and releasing fresh water through natural processes. In past Senate Committee hearings, testimonies on the country’s forest reserve being  denuded at a fast clip the past few decades had been presented. Citing the Philippine Environment Monitor report of the World Bank in 2003, domestic wastewater represents 48 percent of the total pollution in the entire country; the rest is due to industrial and agricultural sources. In Metro Manila alone, the share of domestic sewage is 58 percent of the total. Because of insufficient sewage treatment and disposal, more than 90 percent of the sewage generated in the Philippines is not disposed or treated in an environmentally acceptable manner, Cayetano said. The same report estimates that water pollution costs the Philippine economy an estimated P67 billion ($.3 billion) annually of which P3 billion is attributed to health, P17 billion to fisheries production and P47 billion to tourism. Cayetano pointed out that Department of Health (DoH) statistics show that approximately 18 people die each day from water-borne diseases, which accounted for 31 percent of all reported illnesses from 1996-2000. She said the Congressional Oversight Committee was created following the enactment of the Clean Water Act in 2004 and found out weaknesses in the enforcement of environmentally-related laws. â€Å"There are too many hands dipping in the broth, so to speak. Around 30 government agencies are involved in the management of our water resources. The gaps, overlaps and conflicts of responsibilities are apparent during the conduct of our (committee) hearings, making the institutional framework highly fragmented, weak and complicated,’’ she said. Water pollution creeping in – senator (Casayuran, Mario. 2011, April) Retrieved January 9, 2013 from http://www.mb.com.ph/articles/312556/water-pollution-creeping-senator#.UO1KP-TwaSo ‘Water pollution a threat’ Gov’t not enforcing environment laws SWS survey  MANILA, Philippines . Five of every 10 Filipinos believe water pollution is a serious threat to their health and environment, but the government is unable to enforce environmental laws. Results of a survey of the Social Weather Stations released Friday also showed that at least three of every six residents of Metro Manila did not agree that pollution was an acceptable trade-off for economic progress. The SWS survey, a first on water pollution and enforcement of environmental laws, was commissioned by  the environmental group Greenpeace as part of its Project: Clean Water program launched in September. The initiative aims to mobilize action in protecting the country’s vast fresh water sources. A recent World Bank study warned of a possible water scarcity problem in the country by 2025. The survey from Nov. 30 to Dec. 3 covered 1,200 randomly chosen adult respondents divided into samples of 300 each in Metro Manila, Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. We wanted to see how Filipinos perceive the problem because it is very hard to push for the implementation of environmental laws if the public accepts water pollution as an unavoidable consequence of economic development, said Beau Baconguis, Greenpeace Southeast Asia campaigner in a press conference Friday. Half of the respondents said water pollution in the country was a very serious problem and posed great danger to their health and environment; 22 percent found it somewhat serious; nine percent, a little serious; and 19 percent, hardly serious. While growing concern for water pollution was noted among residents in urban areas, with 58 percent finding it unacceptable that economic progress should mean environmental destruction, some 48 percent said they were not aware of any laws enacted to help prevent pollution. Among the environmental policies cited in the survey were the Clean Water Act and the Solid Waste Management Act. Out of the 1,200 respondents, 26 percent said they were familiar with the Clean Water Act; 27 percent were aware of the Solid Waste Management Act while 50 percent admitted not knowing about the laws. ‘Water pollution a threat’ (Uy, Jocelyn, 2008, January) Retrieved January 9, 2013 from http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/metro/view/20080126-114918/Water-pollution-a-threat Dirty Water: Estimated Deaths from Water-Related Diseases 2000-2020 (Gleick, Peter, 2002, August) Retrieved from http://www.pacinst.org/reports/water_related_deaths/water_related_deaths_report.pdf

Impact of Environmental Changes

Impact of Environmental Changes All through written history people have utilized their surroundings to enhance the path in which they experience their regular day to day existences. In a brief timeframe traverse, in respect to the age of the earth, innovation has progressed at mind boggling rate. With the mind boggling headway of innovation more assets are being utilized to make a domain that permits society to work and develop. Individuals in a created and innovatively propelled society are living longer and more advantageous lives. Lamentably this is expanding the number of inhabitants on the planet; as the demise rate diminishes and the richness rate far and wide keeps on expanding. In the public eyes mission to wind up distinctly additionally created, normal assets are being exhausted at a wild rate that might be difficult to escape from. People have disturbed the adjust that is fundamental forever. People have been exploiting the assets that have been given. With the constantly expanding populace society will turn out to be more needy of the assets that the earth wont have the capacity to give one day. Water is the reason forever, however the earth just gives a little measure of new water. This water is being utilized as a part of plenitude for pointless utilities. A significant part of the new water is additionally being dirtied as processing plants discard chemicals and rubbish in and around new water supplies. Also, horticulture is a need that individuals over the world underestimate. All of the fruitful land the world over has been utilized, making issues for future nourishment utilization. Vitality is fundamental in building up a maintainable society. Oil is being utilized to make a large portion of the worlds vitality, yet it is basic to change to new techniques as oil keeps on being exhausted. Creating and changing the routes in which society capacities is basic to build up a maintainable earth that eras will have the capacity to possess. The surface of the earth is secured basically of water; just about 70% of the planet is canvassed in water. Inside that 70% on two and half percent is new water while the other ninety seven and a half percent is undrinkable salt water. About 70% of the new water is caught in ice tops difficult to reach to people. Roughly just a single percent of the worlds crisp water is promptly accessible, being found in lakes, waterways, stores and underground sources that consider simple and reasonable get to. There is just a little measure of new water that is accessible to people, which is being utilized at a rate that is not reasonable for the measure of individuals on this planet. The water supply in nations everywhere throughout the world is low. In numerous underdeveloped nations, there is for all intents and purposes no foundation to bolster the number of inhabitants in the nation. They are not ready to deliver a feasible approach to give water to subjects. The water that is accessible all through the world is likewise being contaminated on an unfathomable scale. Manufacturing plants in less created nations dont continually taking after all wellbeing directions. A lot of contamination from these production lines are being dumped into adjacent streams and lakes as it appears like a simple answer for undesirable chemicals and waste. This does not really just occur in underdeveloped nations, it happens everywhere throughout the world and it is turning into a gigantic issue that wont not have an answer in a couple of years chance. There is just a little measure of consumable water on the planet and if the activities of mankind proceed with, it will turn out to be progressively hard to invert these terrible results. Monstrous measures of eco frameworks are enduring because of the contamination that goes into the water every last day. Humankind must change to guarantee that new water is accessible for different eras to come. Water must be a maintainable asset with the end goal for humankind to work appropriately. In the momentum circumstance, the new water asset will be expended in a brief timeframe. It will turn out to be progressively hard to roll out improvements after this asset is exhausted, that is the reason changes must be made soon with a specific end goal to guarantee a fruitful future. The populace is developing at a rate that will make it hard to supply nourishment to individuals over the earth. Over the earth millions are malnourished because of the way that nations dont have arrive or ripe land to develop sustenance to bolster their kin. With the development of the populace more land will be utilized to construct homes to oblige. Today the greater part of the fruitful land is as of now being used to develop nourishment. A few nations have been acquiring land from different nations that have a wealth of land however they themselves cant accommodate their own kin. Horticulture is a standout amongst the most imperative variables that will figure out whether the earth will be economical for future eras to possess. It is vital that humankind utilizes their assets appropriately and proficiently to guarantee a future for various eras to come. One of the arrangements that have emerged is the utilization of indoor yield creation which would take into account most extreme space productivity. Indoor nourishment creation would take into consideration various floors to develop crops while as yet keeping up the ordinary size of a ranchers field. Fly over Holland and youll wind up looking down on an ocean of glass; here, hydroponic nurseries represent 50 percent of the estimation of all leafy foods created in the nation a reasonable reaction to soil exhaustion, sickness and salinization(Riley, Tess). The procedure of indoor cultivating diminishes the plants powerlessness to soil corruption and sickness. In a perfect world through this strategy it gets to be distinctly more straightforward in the methods for water system. Funnels are keep running all through the building permitting sprinklers to water the planets at whatever time of the day. This is the most conceivable answer for the farming emergency. It will be troublesome for the world to proceed down the way it is heading. Contamination and over populace will keep on affecting how farming will be se en throughout the following decade. New arrangements will turn out to be progressively looked for after to help this worldwide emergency. Building up a supportable approach to homestead will be of the up generally vital. Indoor cultivating is just a little bit of the perplex to making a feasible rural base for humankind. In this day and age, vitality has driven mankind to the point where it is needy for that of the littlest undertakings. It is hard to think back about what the world would resemble without the utilization of machines that change over vitality into power. Oil, since its disclosure has been one of the, if not the most critical substance on the planet. It is utilized as a part of nearly everything; from paint to garments it has touched humankind in an extremely solid manner. Be that as it may, oil is not a practical asset. It is as of now running its way toward consumption. At the appropriate time there will be no more oil on the planet. Oil contains a monstrous measure of vitality that is outfit and utilized for the creation of power. Over portion of the worlds power is made using oil. It will be hard to discover a swap for this asset. As oil is being drained the world must swing to different wellsprings of vitality that will consider manageability. Elective techniques for delivering po wer incorporate sunlight based and twist however current option vitality sources at present just supply 20% of the worlds power. These option strategies must be thought to be the fate of saddling vitality once the oil saves have dried totally. These techniques do take a considerable measure of space to create power productively, however it might be a value that will be paid soon. Making a manageable approach to deliver vitality and power is vital for future era to endeavor like current society has. Vitality objectives without bounds are based around the procedure of combination responses. On the off chance that researchers and specialists can maintain a combination response and tackle the vitality applied by the response then the vitality issues of the world would be unraveled. It is fundamental that mankind keeps on creating and investigate better approaches to make supportable vitality assets. It is basic that society changes the way it works as not all assets later on will be ava ilable to human. Change must be acquired now request to give a manageable society to future eras of mankind. On the in spite of a few convictions, the world is not in a supportable state for future eras to possess. Todays general public is on a course that wont end well. It is critical for society to change their way towards feasible advancement that would permit future eras to prosper. Flow water circumstances ought to confine the use of specific undertakings to help save what crisp water is accessible to us. Water is basic to all life, and as production lines keep on polluting in what minimal new water is accessible it apparently diminishes a manageable lifestyle for all. The headway in the field of horticulture is critical for mankind to survive. With the greater part of the prolific soil as of now being utilized it is vital to swing to different strategies to make a yearly supportable approach to create nourishment. Indoor offices will be depended vigorously upon later on for the generation of the universes nourishment supply. Using customary oil, the world has turned out to be reliant on this substance. Elective vitality is the method for whats to come. One day it should supplant oil since it is a reasonable method for creating power. It is critical that mankind soon perceive how life cant proceed down its present way. Better than ever thoughts must be intended to make a reasonable domain that will take into account future era to thrive and additionally this era has.

War Rhetoric Essay -- History Iraq WWII Essays Papers

War Rhetoric Introduction Last year, discussing the new World War II Monument in Washington D.C., the Washington Post described World War II, â€Å"in the words of novelist John Updike – ‘when good and evil contended for the planet, a tale of Troy whose angles are infinite and whose central figures never fail to amaze us with their size, their theatricality, their sweep,’† (Atkinson). World War II is commonly perceived as a black and white cause: America’s freedom versus Germany’s fascism. This mythological characterization expresses the general sentiment most Americans have toward all that took place during World War II. We perceive that it satisfied a basic human desire in Americans pertaining to war by appealing to our desire to see good and evil in clear forms. When a war is definable as a contest â€Å"for the planet† such a definition gives the average citizen a certain enormity of tension, compelling the reader all the more to be involved in the conflict. The Iraq war did not have such unanimous national perception of justification, nor the resultant purpose that lies therein. Having spurred debate about weapons of mass destruction (CIA), strained relationships with other countries (Rising), casualty counts (CNN) the high cost of the war (NPP), and numerous influential groups opposing the war (IRTF), it could not fulfill the image of World War II, having a clear moral cause, unquestioned by the masses. This war also did not appeal to a sense of intense conflict within the American psyche as a battle for the planet, since no one doubted the inevitable victory of America’s strength over Iraq’s dwindling, decimated army. Resultantly, America has a heightened dramatistic need rhetoricians seek to satisfy by symbolizing ... ...raq and the Middle East." 2005. 9 March 2005. . Leeds-Hurwitz, Wendy. "Signs". Semiotics and Communication. Lea. 1993. 22-49. National Priorities Project. "The Calculator." 2005. 9 March 2005 . Payne, David. "Dramatic Criticism." Modern Rhetorical Criticism. Ed. Roderick Hart. Allyn & Bacon; 2nd Edition. 1996. 259-283. Rising, David. "Rumsfeld calls for unity in fight against terrorism at security conference." CNEWS. 2005. 9 March 2005. . Summer Jobs Poster courtesy of Mindy with the good eyes. 1983 (give or take a few years). 8 March 2005. The Viking Union and Red Square. Wilkins, Richard G. "Welcome to Defend Marriage!" 2002-2003. 8 March 2005. .

Greece :: essays research papers

Greece has an area of 50,949 square miles and is located at the southern end of the Balkan Peninsula. The area of Greece is approximately the same as that of England or the U.S. state of Alabama. Greece is located in Southern Europe between Albania and Turkey. The country is bordered to the west by the Ionian Sea, to the south by the Mediterranean Sea, and to the east by the Aegean Sea; only to the north and northeast does it have land borders. The basically Mediterranean climate of Greece is subject to a number of regional and local variations occasioned by the country’s physical diversity. The people of Greece usually experience mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers. In all seasons, especially in summer, the quality of light is one of Greece’s most appealing attractions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Greek landscape is conspicuous not only for its beauty but also for its complexity and variety. Greece is dominated by three elements: the sea, mountains, and the lowland. Arms and inlets of the sea penetrate deeply so that only a small, wedge-shaped portion of the interior mainland is more than fifty miles from the coast. Islands make up roughly eighteen percent of the territory of modern Greece. Approximately eighty percent of Greece is mountain terrain, much of it deeply dissected. A series of mountain chains on the Greek mainland enclose narrow parallel valleys and numerous small basins that once held lakes. The last dominant feature of the Greek landscape is the lowland. The lowland makes up about twenty percent of the land area and it has played an important role in the life of the country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Approximately eleven million people live in Greece today. All but a very small part of the population belong to the Church of Greece (Greek Orthodox Church). The Muslim minority, which constitutes most of the non-Orthodox group, is mainly Turkish. Roman and Greek Catholics account for the rest, except for a few thousand adherents of Protestant churches and of Judaism. In terms of ethnic composition, Greeks make up all but a small part of the total, the remainder being composed of Macedonians, Turks, Albanians, Bulgarians, Armenians, and Gypsies. Despite a rapid rate of growth in the post-World War II period, Greece’s economy is one of the least developed in the European Union (EU). Rates of productivity remain low in both the agricultural and industrial sectors, and the development of the country’s economy has lagged behind that of its EU partners. Greece :: essays research papers Greece has an area of 50,949 square miles and is located at the southern end of the Balkan Peninsula. The area of Greece is approximately the same as that of England or the U.S. state of Alabama. Greece is located in Southern Europe between Albania and Turkey. The country is bordered to the west by the Ionian Sea, to the south by the Mediterranean Sea, and to the east by the Aegean Sea; only to the north and northeast does it have land borders. The basically Mediterranean climate of Greece is subject to a number of regional and local variations occasioned by the country’s physical diversity. The people of Greece usually experience mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers. In all seasons, especially in summer, the quality of light is one of Greece’s most appealing attractions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Greek landscape is conspicuous not only for its beauty but also for its complexity and variety. Greece is dominated by three elements: the sea, mountains, and the lowland. Arms and inlets of the sea penetrate deeply so that only a small, wedge-shaped portion of the interior mainland is more than fifty miles from the coast. Islands make up roughly eighteen percent of the territory of modern Greece. Approximately eighty percent of Greece is mountain terrain, much of it deeply dissected. A series of mountain chains on the Greek mainland enclose narrow parallel valleys and numerous small basins that once held lakes. The last dominant feature of the Greek landscape is the lowland. The lowland makes up about twenty percent of the land area and it has played an important role in the life of the country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Approximately eleven million people live in Greece today. All but a very small part of the population belong to the Church of Greece (Greek Orthodox Church). The Muslim minority, which constitutes most of the non-Orthodox group, is mainly Turkish. Roman and Greek Catholics account for the rest, except for a few thousand adherents of Protestant churches and of Judaism. In terms of ethnic composition, Greeks make up all but a small part of the total, the remainder being composed of Macedonians, Turks, Albanians, Bulgarians, Armenians, and Gypsies. Despite a rapid rate of growth in the post-World War II period, Greece’s economy is one of the least developed in the European Union (EU). Rates of productivity remain low in both the agricultural and industrial sectors, and the development of the country’s economy has lagged behind that of its EU partners.

Politics in the English Language Essay

Miscommunication is often the result of modern prose which is most commonly used despite its vagueness because of its simplicity. According to George Orwell’s â€Å"Politics in the English Language,† these habits must be eliminated in order to think clearly, if not, language will continue to be used in corrupt ways by politicians. With poor language skills come poor thinking skills, making it easier for people to be manipulated by warped language. Ted Hughes â€Å"Words and Experience† expresses that words are inadequate and that it is very difficult to capture experience properly. The way in which Hughes and Orwell appeal to the problem of miscommunication are different; Orwell is critical while Hughes is sympathetic. In the paper â€Å"Politics in the English Language,† George Orwell appeals to logos to prove that the misuse of language is corruptly used by politicians for selfish purposes. Thought corrupts language and politicians manipulate language fo r their own selfish purposes. Words such as fascism and democracy are among those words due to their lack of a concrete meaning. Democracy is often associated with a positive meaning whereas fascism is associated with a negative meaning. As a result dishonest politicians use their own interpretation to twist the meaning of what they are trying to communicate. They have defended events such as the Russian purges and deportations, the British rule in India and the atomic bombing in Japan by using language consisting of â€Å"euphemisms, questionable begging and sheer cloudy vagueness† (Orwell 699). This language covers up all the details of the events and is a prime example of how thought corrupts language. Language is warped because of the way it is used to lie and manipulate people. Politicians use vague language to hide questionable acts which leads to poor language skills. Orwell states that â€Å"the slovenliness of our language makes it easier for us to have foolish thoughts† (Orwell 691). He believes that poor language skills lead to poor thinking skills which are detrimental to society beca use people often accept the words of authority figures without thinking; they are not conscience of the meaning of the words being used. These bad language habits that Orwell indentifies are dying metaphors, pretentious diction and meaningless words; all of which are unnecessary and increase vagueness. This form of modern prose is easier therefore it is used commonly resulting in poor thinking skills. â€Å"The whole tendency of modern prose is away from concreteness† and  Ã¢â‚¬Å"consists in gumming together long strips of words which have already been set in order by someone else† (Orwell 697). Orwell suggests that the problem is cyclical; vague language leads to the inability to think for oneself and the inability to think leads to miscommunication. Orwell uses logos to identify the problem and treats it with a critical tone however, believes that it can be fixed â€Å"if one is willing to take the necessary trouble† (Orwell 691). Ted Hughes and George Orwell share similar views on the misuse of language however Hughes uses different points to convey the message in his essay â€Å"Words and Ex perience.† Hughes states that words are tools and that it is difficult to choose the correct words to capture experiences. He uses the metaphor â€Å"A word is its own little solar system of meanings† (Hughes 120) because there is a vast amount of words to choose from and the process is often overcomplicated. Too much time spent thinking of the correct words to use causes people to miss the experience all together. Finding the right word requires a fine balance therefore words should not be used casually. Without this balance, words tend to inhibit the simplest descriptions such as â€Å"the infinite depth of crowiness in the crow’s flight† (Hughes 122). In this case, all words can be used for are indicators and general directives. Swiss psycho-analyst Jung believes that people know how to use words properly but have to quiet down to get what is inside their conscience. Although Hughes writes in a hopeful tone he believes that words are inadequate in describing experience. If and when a balance is found and words match experience, that is poetry. His view and solution are effectively communicated in using a sympathetic tone. George Orwell and Ted Hughes both attack the problem of the misuse of language effectively. With similar goals, both are equally able to convey the same points while appealing to different aspects and emotions. George Orwell’s â€Å"Politics in the English Language,† appeals to logos while criticizing the way unclear language is used corruptly by politicians. He adequately shows how people are easily manipulated by warped language because poor language skills lead poor thinking skills. Ted Hughes appeals to logos by using a sympathetic tone to convey the message that words are inadequate and it is very difficult to capture experience in his essay â€Å"Words and Experience.† The problem of miscommunication found in modern  prose is the result of vagueness and must be fixed. This is difficult because of the bad habits formed and its simplicity, however it can be fixed if one takes the initiative.