Examine sociological explanations of the difference in the educational performance of ethnic minorities in Britain Essay Example for Free

Examine sociological explanations of the difference in the educational performance of ethnic minorities in Britain Essay The connection between ethnicity and educational accomplishment is very complicated as there is a great deal of difference between achievements between each of the ethnic groups. In previous studies, such as those carried out to compile the Swann report (1985), used very simplistic classifications of each of the ethnic groups, Afro-Caribbean, Asian and All others (including white). There was clear ranking between these groups with all others at the top, followed by Asians, and then Afro-Caribbean. Later on more complex classification systems were introduced and so a more detailed picture of the relationships between class and education emerged. For example, Kysel (1988) used eleven classifications to measure success at 16. This study placed Indian, African, Asian and Pakistani pupils at the top, followed by South East Asian and Greek students. Students of UK origin came in the middle of the range, followed by pupils from Turkish, Arab and Caribbean origin. At the bottom were Bangladeshi pupils. Most sociological explanations point to home back ground, educational experiences and factors to do with society. However studies dont usually apply such sophisticated classifications, as used by Kysel, so making it difficult to explain distinctions between the categories. There are three main reasons for different ethnicities achieving differently in the cultural factors, social class and school factors. Cultural factors are thought by sociologists to have a large influence on the difference in attainment of the ethnic groups. Findings of those such as Douglas have provided support for what came to be known as cultural deprivation theory. This theory states that many of the values, attitudes and skills needed for high educational success are missing in the culture of certain ethnic groups. This was a particularly popular theory in the 1960-70s, it was notably supported by the Swann committee (1985), however evidence can be seen as weak, even the Swann report said this argument was sketchy. Driver and Ballard adopted this explanation in their study of children with parents of South Asian origin. They found that these parents quickly developed high expectations of their childrens abilities and such attitudes may have attributed to their success. Ken Pryce rejected theory. He did a study of the Afro-Caribbean community in Bristol (1979) and although he described their way of life as turbulent he also said that Afro-Caribbean parents have great aspirations for their children, and that they were not socially deprived because their parents are supportive, interested and provide all of the educational aid the can. Rex and Tomlinson also rejected the cultural deprivation theory in their study in Handsworth. Their rejected the theory because the data they collected points to Asians achieving highest at school and yet their parents go into school the least, indicating that they are not as interested as Afro-Caribbean parents who go into school the most. In spite of their parents frequent visits to school Afro-Caribbean are achieving the least in school. Another important theory is cultural difference theory, this about children being disadvantaged because their culture differs from the schools, the main example of this is if a child go to an English speaking school and speaks a different language at home, this means that they will not be as practiced as the children for whom English is their first language, they will be subjected to constant correction by teacher and their confidence and self esteem may suffer as a result. This theory is rejected by Driver and Ballard who found that by sixteen Asian childrens command of English is at least as good as their class mate, and in some cases, much better. The Swann report also noted that linguistic factors held back some Afro-Caribbean students but most did not have a problem. Social class is another important factor to consider. Some research suggests that much of the differential educational advantage that Afro-Caribbeans face is due to the fact that most Afro-Caribbeans are working class, disproportionately so. Swann said social class adds up to half of the reason behind educational achievement. Smith and Tomlinson agreed with this with their study of inner city junior schools and found a large variation due to class but a much smaller discrepancy due to ethnicity. The only problem with this is Asian pupils are primarily working class yet they achieve better that their white middle class counterparts. Many researchers have looked at the impact a range of school factors; this idea takes the stance that the difference in attainment between the ethnic groups is due to school environment. In studying school factors researches may have looked at curriculum content, teachers attitudes, ethnocentric resources, banding, language and many other things. Mac and Ghaill found that there was no clearly defined relationship between students who have been the victims of racism and the ones who have been predicted a fail. What he found was how well students did was influenced mainly by the schools they had come from. Pupils from suburban schools did better than pupils from inner city schools. Most studies showed that teachers were not racist to ethnic minorities. Taylor saw that many teachers were very sensitive in their handling of cultural issues and Hammersley went on to say most racist teachers did not bring this into the classroom. Wright studied primary schools and noticed how Asian pupils were largely invisible to the teacher and was treated insensitively by both staff and peers. Coard said that institutional racism lead to ethic minority children having self-esteem problems, which developed into low achievement. This is extremely apt with Afro-Caribbean students who are seen as a threat to classroom management and because they have been treated like this they start to conform to the labels they have been given. The DfEE found in a recent study that Afro-Caribbean pupils were four times more likely be permanently excluded from school than white children. To conclude, the area of ethnicity is a very delicate one and it is important to view it in the context of individuals and not stereotype people. More research is needed in to the experience of small, specific racial groups, not just Asian or White. It is also important to note that it can never be seen as just one factor, it is always going to be a combination of factors and also age and gender can not be ignored, no one factor can never be measured accurately on its own.

Beer Pong for Dummies :: Research Papers

Beer Pong for Dummies Throughout the many years, college students have engaged in many activities to either entertain themselves or pass endless time. These activities have ranged from sports, either intramural or varsity, to various clubs and organizations devoted to students personal interests. While these have sparked interest and lasted a long time, none has exceeded the expectations of the wonderful game of beer pong. As I began to think about ways on approaching this topic I became very excited, but realized that all my information could not be displayed all at the same time. So I decided to take things easy and introduce the topic on a level where everyone can relate to it. My search began the night I received this assignment. I went to the search engine we all know and use so well, Yahoo, and began my search from there. When I typed in the words beer pong into the search box, I received almost two hundred thousand related links. I became even more pleased with this result, knowing that there was so much to tell. Eventually I came across a catching site, known as the National Beer Pong League. There is something of this nature that exists? I wondered so I clicked. Since my exploration I began to find out interesting information about the National Beer Pong League. According to a question and answer section with the founder of the site and group, the league has been around for about a good fifteen years, but just recently they have started to get some recognition. By means of recognition I mean, the government has acknowledged their league and their website has been up and running for the past three years, summer of 2001. The league overall was created by a student attending the prestigious Duke University. In an interview with the founder he states that he started playing and gaining an interest in beer pong â€Å"about Jr. or Sr. year of high school†. Can you believe that he was pre-gamming it before he even stepped on a college campus? That goes to show he started to develop his skills to demonstrate to others. As the founder created this site, the founders name is Jason; his intent was to inform people of the game and also to get a larger fan base than it had already. This site has recognized various ways of playing beer pong, and also he has included a total of fifteen colleges who have been recognized for their school way of playing beer pong, now that’s what I call some good school spirit. Beer Pong for Dummies :: Research Papers Beer Pong for Dummies Throughout the many years, college students have engaged in many activities to either entertain themselves or pass endless time. These activities have ranged from sports, either intramural or varsity, to various clubs and organizations devoted to students personal interests. While these have sparked interest and lasted a long time, none has exceeded the expectations of the wonderful game of beer pong. As I began to think about ways on approaching this topic I became very excited, but realized that all my information could not be displayed all at the same time. So I decided to take things easy and introduce the topic on a level where everyone can relate to it. My search began the night I received this assignment. I went to the search engine we all know and use so well, Yahoo, and began my search from there. When I typed in the words beer pong into the search box, I received almost two hundred thousand related links. I became even more pleased with this result, knowing that there was so much to tell. Eventually I came across a catching site, known as the National Beer Pong League. There is something of this nature that exists? I wondered so I clicked. Since my exploration I began to find out interesting information about the National Beer Pong League. According to a question and answer section with the founder of the site and group, the league has been around for about a good fifteen years, but just recently they have started to get some recognition. By means of recognition I mean, the government has acknowledged their league and their website has been up and running for the past three years, summer of 2001. The league overall was created by a student attending the prestigious Duke University. In an interview with the founder he states that he started playing and gaining an interest in beer pong â€Å"about Jr. or Sr. year of high school†. Can you believe that he was pre-gamming it before he even stepped on a college campus? That goes to show he started to develop his skills to demonstrate to others. As the founder created this site, the founders name is Jason; his intent was to inform people of the game and also to get a larger fan base than it had already. This site has recognized various ways of playing beer pong, and also he has included a total of fifteen colleges who have been recognized for their school way of playing beer pong, now that’s what I call some good school spirit.

Classwork

Explain how flexible capacity can be created in each of the following situations: (a) a local library, (b) an office-cleaning service, (c) a technical support helpless. Local library: It has some flexible capacity regarding the entire building, but there are some options that It can be changed in order to make It more flexible. The building or the enable place capacity cannot be changed. HER capacity can be reduced or substituted In rush hours with online self-lending machines.It would save payroll cost for the library and time for the customers. Office-cleaning service: (number of workers, equipment, technology,) In this case we should focus on those times when the demand is higher than the capacity. If there is too much work and we have limited numbers of workers than we should hire part time, cross-train workers In rush periods. Moreover we should ask the employee to time their day-offs after these periods. Also a possible solution could be to develop the skills of the workers (cl eaning speed etc. And also a technical development would be also recommended to buy new equipment with which they can work faster but at the same level of preciosity. Support helpless: (number of lines or helpless) The main capacity what can be influenced is the number of helpless. It is really important for people to wait not too much time. The number of helpless can be Increased In order to reduce waiting times In lines. Also a technological development would be necessary If there are so simple questions, which can be answered by an automatic machine then it would be useful to introduce some self-servicing machines.This option would save HER costs for the company and also waiting times for the customers. 2. Identify some specific examples of companies in your community (or region) that significantly change their product and/or marketing mix variables in order to encourage patronage during periods of low demand. (5 points) Restaurant happy hours: Some restaurants in Pecs have offer ed happy hours meals with some discounts. It means that In those periods of the day when there are low level of demands between 10-11 am and 3-5 pm.Bakery: one of the major bakery chains In Pecs offers discount on In products each day before the closing time. It means that you can buy each product for half price. Swimming pool: The swimming pool of the university has Introduced discounted tickets for the university students in those hours, which are out of the rush hours. It is a perfect opportunity for the students to do some sports and also a good revenue generator I OFF Energy generating companies offer cheaper energy for companies through the night in those hours when the average consumption is much less than through the day. . Select a service organization of your choice and identify its particular patterns of demand with reference to the checklist provided on slide 14. A) What is the nature of this service organization's approach to capacity and demand management? We choose th e Menages solarium company at Razorback Street, Pecs. Usually demands are lower in the summer and it is also fluctuating within a week. Weekend demands are usually higher than the weekdays one. In their communication they focus on seasonal differences in term of the volume of the sunshine.It is a common thinking, that people with browner skin color are more attractive. B) What changes would you recommend in relation to its management of capacity and demand and why? In our opinion the company should make a shift in its communication in order to reach wider or different customer segment. For example for those who work through the summer, or working till evening, or people who don't have a good self-esteem the company should offer special opportunities to use the service. If they can achieve these people as well, they can improve the usage of the capacity.Therefore the demand level would be smoother for the firm. They also can lower their prices before lunchtime to shape the demand. 4. Give examples, based on your own experience, of a reservation system that worked really well, and of one that worked really badly. Identify and evaluate the reasons for the success and failure of these two systems. What recommendations would you make to both firms to improve (or further improve in case of the good example) their reservation systems? (10 points) In the summer we were abroad and we reserved a cruise.When we send the first inquire email, we immediately receive a personal contact person who helped us during the whole reservation process. If we had any problem, we could ask about everything, and our problem was solved. When we wanted to reserve the chosen room, our contact person suggested us a better option for the same price. So we could get the best option, and we were informed about everything. Kodiak Centre It often happens that 2 or more tickets are sold for one seat at the concert hall.If there are not free places available it causes unsatisfied guests and bad re putation for the place. The reason is people can buy these tickets in many places in Pecs and online too. They are not able to arrange and check the sold tickets, sometimes they don't know before the concert how many guests will arrive, how many tickets are available and for which places. A common booking system would be necessary to solve the problem. All ticket offices should use this to centre would be able to

Mass Media Comparison Essay - 1289 Words

Mass Media Comparison Mass media are methods of communicating to a vast amount of people around the world. Mass Media means things such as Television, Radio, Newspapers, Internet, Magazines etc; they are a means of communication to people. The mass media have a few main functions, which include informing, educating and entertaining you. In this assignment I am going to compare two articles from two different type of papers, a tabloid and a broadsheet. I am going to us The Sun as my tabloid and The Guardian as my broadsheet. A tabloid newspaper is a newspaper that is relatively small in size compared to a broadsheet, and it tends to have shorter stories and more photographs than a†¦show more content†¦Then later that evening Mr Brown, Gillians boyfriend, arrived and Mr Hobbs tied him up. The next morning Mr Smith (Gillians former boyfriend) arrived and he too was tied up and killed them both with an axe. After committing the murders he calmly walked to his sisters house with Mr Smiths credit card. He was later caught when he withdrew  £500 from Mr Smiths account and was traced by police. A good heading is very important because the first thing a reader looks at is the heading. It should be catch, short and sharp. It should also give us a taste of the story so we know what its about. Tabloids usually use puns or play around with words although they havent in this article. An example of a pun would be when Formula 1 racing driver Michael Schumacher crashed at 170mph head-on and still survived with a broken leg. The Sun used the pun Schoudini survives 170mph crash. This pun is clever because it compares Schumacher with Houdini who was a magician that did death-defying tricks just like Schumacher who had just defied death by surviving a 170mph crash. The Sun for this article used the heading Sex taunt made axe monster murder 3 in love triangle. 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